Which of the following describes the explosive effects of an IED?

The explosive effects of an Improvised Explosive Device (IED) are primarily characterized by thermal, blast, and fragmentation effects.

When an IED detonates, it produces a rapid release of energy, resulting in a shockwave or blast wave that can cause significant damage to the surrounding environment and individuals. This blast effect is particularly lethal, as the force can throw objects and people away from the explosion site, leading to injuries or fatalities.

In addition to the blast wave, the explosion generates extreme heat, contributing to thermal effects. This intense heat can ignite flammable materials, cause burns, and potentially lead to secondary explosions if other explosives or flammable substances are present nearby.

Fragmentation effects occur as a result of the materials used in the IED and its casing. When the explosive detonates, it can break apart and send shrapnel flying at high velocities, which can cause injuries to people or damage to property over a considerable radius.

While other options mention effects like smoke, vapor, sound, light, pressure, and temperature, these are not the primary destructive impacts typically associated with IEDs. They might occur as a consequence of the explosion but do not define the core explosive effects essential for understanding the nature and dangers of IEDs