What may indicate that an offender cannot provide satisfactory proof of identity?

The indication that an offender cannot provide satisfactory proof of identity is best illustrated by their inability to display identification. When an individual is unable to present any form of ID, it raises significant doubts about their true identity. Identification documents are fundamental in confirming a person's name, address, date of birth, and other essential attributes that help establish one’s identity. Without the ability to show ID, an officer has little to no basis to verify the offender's claims regarding their identity, which can complicate legal processes and impact public safety.

While an expired driver's license may suggest issues with identification, it is still a document that may hold valuable identifying information. Similarly, failing to provide a phone number does not necessarily prevent someone from proving their identity—it may simply mean they lack that particular information at the moment. Refusing to cooperate is also a significant behavioral red flag, but it does not directly relate to the ability to provide satisfactory proof of identity in the same concrete way that the inability to display ID does. Therefore, the most definitive indicator among the given choices that prompts concern over an offender's identity is their failure to display any form of identification.