What does the term 'hazardous materials' encompass?

The term 'hazardous materials' refers to any item or agent that may cause harm to people, property, or the environment. This broad definition encompasses chemical substances, biological agents, radioactive materials, and other types of materials that can pose dangers in various forms. This inclusive understanding is crucial for effective hazardous materials management, safety protocols, and emergency response strategies.

By recognizing that hazardous materials can come from multiple categories, individuals and organizations can better prepare for potential risks and take appropriate measures to mitigate harm. This includes implementing safety standards, training personnel, and establishing clear guidelines for handling and transportation of such materials. The other options narrow the definition unnecessarily, limiting the understanding of the wide range of potential hazards present in various contexts.